最高法院将审查总统使用紧急权力征收关税的行为
仅事实

最高法院将审查总统使用紧急权力征收关税的行为

摘要

最高法院即将就总统是否超越权限利用紧急权力征收关税展开辩论,前商务部长威尔伯·罗斯对全面失败持怀疑态度。

最高法院定于周三审理关于总统是否超越权限,利用紧急权力对100多个国家征收关税的案件。前商务部长威尔伯·罗斯在总统第一任期内曾在设计最初关税政策中发挥关键作用,他对法院全面否定表示怀疑。罗斯表示,总统“对关税政策过于执着,不会轻易放弃”,即使法院裁定不利,总统也不太可能放弃这一政策。

政府援引了1977年的《国际紧急经济权力法》(IEEPA)为关税提供法律依据,该法允许总统在国家紧急状态期间采取监管行动。然而,IEEPA并未明确提及关税,这引发了其适用性的质疑。罗斯指出,与以往的关税实施不同,现届政府未进行广泛的行政程序,这可能削弱其法律立场。

此案利害关系重大,据负责任联邦预算委员会统计,这些关税已产生约1950亿美元的收入。诉讼声称,总统利用紧急权力征收关税,侵犯了国会在税收和贸易监管方面的权力。罗斯预测,法院可能会选择性地废除某些被视为政治动机的关税,例如因起诉前总统雅伊尔·博尔索纳罗而对巴西进口商品征收的40%关税。他强调,若全面推翻关税计划,可能引发全球经济动荡。

即使法院限制总统的权力,罗斯认为总统也不太可能完全放弃关税,可能会寻求其他法律依据或推动国会将相关措施立法。他指出,市场能够适应明确的结果,但不确定性对依赖可预测贸易规则的企业构成挑战。

来源

Fortune

事实核查

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The Supreme Court is scheduled to hear arguments on Wednesday regarding whether the President exceeded his authority by using emergency powers to impose tariffs on over 100 countries.

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The administration invoked the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) of 1977 to justify the tariffs, allowing the President to take regulatory action during national emergencies.

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The IEEPA does not explicitly mention duties, raising questions about its applicability in this context.

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The stakes are significant, as the tariffs have generated approximately $195 billion in revenue, according to the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget.

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Lawsuits claim that the President's use of emergency powers to impose these tariffs violates congressional authority over taxation and trade regulation.

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Ross predicted that the Court might selectively strike down certain tariffs deemed politically motivated, such as the 40% duty on Brazilian imports imposed due to the prosecution of former President Jair Bolsonaro.

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Even if the Court narrows the President's authority, Ross believes the President is unlikely to abandon tariffs altogether, suggesting that he may seek alternative legal justifications or push Congress to codify the measures.

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Ross highlighted that markets can adjust to definitive outcomes, but uncertainty poses challenges for businesses relying on predictable trade rules.

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