Scientists Identify Bacterium Behind Massive Sea Star Die-Off
Researchers have pinpointed Vibrio pectenicida as the cause of a disease that has decimated sea star populations along the Pacific coast since 2013.
Since 2013, sea star populations along the Pacific coast from Mexico to Alaska have experienced significant declines due to a disease known as sea star wasting syndrome. This condition causes lesions, arm loss, and ultimately the disintegration of the sea stars' bodies. The sunflower sea star, in particular, has seen a population decrease of over 90%, leading to its classification as critically endangered.
After years of investigation, researchers from the University of British Columbia, the Hakai Institute, and the University of Washington have identified the bacterium Vibrio pectenicida as the cause of the disease. The bacterium was found in the coelomic fluid of infected sea stars, a discovery that had been overlooked in previous studies focusing on tissue samples.
The decline of sea stars has led to an overpopulation of sea urchins, their primary prey, resulting in the destruction of kelp forests. These forests are vital habitats for numerous marine species and play a role in carbon sequestration.
With the identification of the pathogen, scientists are now exploring conservation strategies, including captive breeding programs and the potential development of treatments to bolster disease resistance among sea stars.