科学

2025年七月20日

摘要

利用先进的基因分析技术，新研究表明早期人类与尼安德特人经历了多次接触和杂交，重塑了我们对人类进化的理解。

由遗传学家和人工智能专家领导的最新研究揭示，早期人类与尼安德特人之间的联系比此前认为的更加紧密，基因交流的周期长达近20万年。该研究由普林斯顿大学的约书亚·阿基（Joshua Akey）领导，发表在《科学》杂志上，利用一种名为IBDmix的新型机器学习工具，分析了2000名现代人、三名尼安德特人和一名丹尼索瓦人的DNA。

中国南京东南大学的李黎明教授参与了该研究，他解释说，这是首次确认现代人和尼安德特人多次杂交的波次。研究显示，早期人类与尼安德特人大约在60万年前分化，但早在25万年前就开始相互接触并交换基因。阿基指出：“大约20万年间，现代人与尼安德特人群体持续互动”，并留下了持久的遗传痕迹。

分析确定了三大接触时期：20万至25万年前、10万至12万年前，以及最显著的约5万至6万年前。这些发现挑战了早期模型中现代人直到约5万年前才从非洲单次扩散的观点。阿基提到：“我们的模型显示，现代人出现后不久，就开始多次进出非洲”，表明与尼安德特人和丹尼索瓦人的迁徙和接触比之前认识的更频繁。

研究还发现尼安德特人群体规模小于早期估计，将繁殖个体数量从约3400人修正为2400人。此前归因于尼安德特人的大部分遗传多样性实际上源自现代人的基因流入。该研究支持人类学家弗雷德·史密斯最早提出的同化模型，认为尼安德特人是逐渐被现代人群吸收，而非一次性灭绝。阿基评论道：“尼安德特人很可能长期处于濒临灭绝的边缘”，并形容现代人如“海浪侵蚀海滩，稳步压倒尼安德特人并将其纳入我们的人群中”。

这些发现为人类进化的复杂性提供了新的见解，凸显了早期人类、尼安德特人和丹尼索瓦人之间广泛的迁徙、互动和文化交流。

来源

The Brighter Side of News

事实核查

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Confirmed

Recent research led by geneticists and artificial intelligence experts has revealed that early humans and Neanderthals were more interconnected than previously believed, with repeated episodes of genetic exchange spanning nearly 200,000 years.

✓

Confirmed

The study, published in Science and led by Joshua Akey of Princeton University, utilized a new machine learning tool called IBDmix to analyze DNA from 2,000 present-day humans, three Neanderthals, and one Denisovan.

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Confirmed

Liming Li, a professor at Southeast University in Nanjing, China, who contributed to the study, explained that this is the first time multiple waves of modern human–Neanderthal admixture have been identified.

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Partly Confirmed

According to the research, early humans and Neanderthals branched off around 600,000 years ago, but began interacting and exchanging genes as early as 250,000 years ago.

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Confirmed

The analysis identified three major periods of contact: 200,000–250,000 years ago, 100,000–120,000 years ago, and the most significant around 50,000–60,000 years ago.

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Confirmed

These findings challenge earlier models that suggested modern humans remained in Africa until a single dispersal event about 50,000 years ago.

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The study also found that Neanderthal populations were smaller than earlier estimates, revising the number of breeding individuals from about 3,400 to 2,400.

✓

Confirmed

The research supports the assimilation model, first proposed by anthropologist Fred Smith, suggesting that Neanderthals were gradually absorbed into modern human populations rather than going extinct in a single event.

研究揭示早期人类与尼安德特人之间广泛的基因交流

来源

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Some of the last surviving Neanderthals were remarkably diverse ‪-‬ suggesting inbreeding didn't doom them

Neanderthals may have been just as smart as modern human peers

Two mysterious ‘ghost’ lineages discovered in modern human DNA

Modern humans interbred with Neanderthals before they disappeared, and most people of non-African ancestry still carry roughly 1 to 4 percent Neanderthal DNA today — meaning part of the human populati

事实核查

Recent research led by geneticists and artificial intelligence experts has revealed that early humans and Neanderthals were more interconnected than previously believed, with repeated episodes of genetic exchange spanning nearly 200,000 years.

The study, published in Science and led by Joshua Akey of Princeton University, utilized a new machine learning tool called IBDmix to analyze DNA from 2,000 present-day humans, three Neanderthals, and one Denisovan.

Liming Li, a professor at Southeast University in Nanjing, China, who contributed to the study, explained that this is the first time multiple waves of modern human–Neanderthal admixture have been identified.

According to the research, early humans and Neanderthals branched off around 600,000 years ago, but began interacting and exchanging genes as early as 250,000 years ago.

The analysis identified three major periods of contact: 200,000–250,000 years ago, 100,000–120,000 years ago, and the most significant around 50,000–60,000 years ago.

These findings challenge earlier models that suggested modern humans remained in Africa until a single dispersal event about 50,000 years ago.

The study also found that Neanderthal populations were smaller than earlier estimates, revising the number of breeding individuals from about 3,400 to 2,400.

The research supports the assimilation model, first proposed by anthropologist Fred Smith, suggesting that Neanderthals were gradually absorbed into modern human populations rather than going extinct in a single event.

继续阅读——免费

继续阅读——免费

来源

相关新闻

研究表明尼安德特人通过基因融合被现代人类吸收

2025年尼安德特人重要发现揭示其复杂生活

Neanderthal Desire For Homo Sapiens Revealed in DNA

Neanderthal DNA study reveals surprising human ancestry on ancient X chromosome

Scientists Uncover the Event That Drastically Reduced Neanderthal Populations Across Eurasia

Some of the last surviving Neanderthals were remarkably diverse ‪-‬ suggesting inbreeding didn't doom them

Neanderthals may have been just as smart as modern human peers

Two mysterious ‘ghost’ lineages discovered in modern human DNA

Modern humans interbred with Neanderthals before they disappeared, and most people of non-African ancestry still carry roughly 1 to 4 percent Neanderthal DNA today — meaning part of the human populati

事实核查

Recent research led by geneticists and artificial intelligence experts has revealed that early humans and Neanderthals were more interconnected than previously believed, with repeated episodes of genetic exchange spanning nearly 200,000 years.

The study, published in Science and led by Joshua Akey of Princeton University, utilized a new machine learning tool called IBDmix to analyze DNA from 2,000 present-day humans, three Neanderthals, and one Denisovan.

Liming Li, a professor at Southeast University in Nanjing, China, who contributed to the study, explained that this is the first time multiple waves of modern human–Neanderthal admixture have been identified.

According to the research, early humans and Neanderthals branched off around 600,000 years ago, but began interacting and exchanging genes as early as 250,000 years ago.

The analysis identified three major periods of contact: 200,000–250,000 years ago, 100,000–120,000 years ago, and the most significant around 50,000–60,000 years ago.

These findings challenge earlier models that suggested modern humans remained in Africa until a single dispersal event about 50,000 years ago.

The study also found that Neanderthal populations were smaller than earlier estimates, revising the number of breeding individuals from about 3,400 to 2,400.

The research supports the assimilation model, first proposed by anthropologist Fred Smith, suggesting that Neanderthals were gradually absorbed into modern human populations rather than going extinct in a single event.

继续阅读——免费

继续阅读——免费

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