仅事实
最高法院质疑特朗普总统征收广泛关税的权限
摘要
最高法院对特朗普总统根据《国际紧急经济权力法》单方面征收关税表示怀疑，质疑在未经国会明确批准的情况下行政权力的范围。
最高法院于周三召开会议，审议特朗普总统根据《国际紧急经济权力法》（IEEPA）征收大规模关税的合法性。法官们审查该法案是否赋予总统在没有明确国会授权的情况下征收如此广泛关税的权力。
首席大法官约翰·罗伯茨指出，该法案并未明确提及关税，并强调征税历来是国会的核心权力。大法官尼尔·戈萨奇对行政权力可能的过度扩张表示担忧，质疑国会是否可以将所有监管对外贸易的责任完全委托给总统。
然而，大法官布雷特·卡瓦诺对政府立场表现出更多同情，指出国会已向总统提供了多种工具以应对紧急情况。他质疑为何法律允许贸易禁运，但可能排除关税，而关税或许是一种更为审慎的应对措施。
本案聚焦于特朗普总统今年早些时候推出的两套关税。第一套对几乎所有美国贸易伙伴征收10%的基准税率，第二套则针对包括中国、加拿大和墨西哥在内的特定国家，理由是贸易逆差和毒品走私问题。下级法院此前裁定政府败诉，认为IEEPA不授权如此广泛的行动。
代理总检察长D·约翰·索尔辩称，这些关税是总统在国家安全和外交事务上的合法权力行使，主张如果废除这些关税，可能对国家安全和经济造成严重后果。相反，代表挑战关税的企业律师尼尔·卡特亚尔认为，关税属于税收范畴，是国会赋予的权力，并警告允许此类行政行为可能导致总统权力的无限扩张。
预计最高法院对此案的裁决将对行政与立法部门之间的权力平衡产生重大影响，尤其是在贸易和经济政策领域。
来源
CBS News事实核查
使用外部来源和数据库核实文章的事实。
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The Supreme Court convened on Wednesday to deliberate on the legality of President Trump's extensive tariffs imposed under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA).
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The justices scrutinized whether the Act grants the president the authority to levy such broad duties without explicit congressional authorization.
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Chief Justice John Roberts highlighted that the statute does not explicitly mention tariffs and emphasized that imposing taxes has traditionally been a core power of Congress.
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Justice Neil Gorsuch raised concerns about the potential overreach of executive power, questioning whether Congress could delegate all responsibility to regulate foreign commerce to the president.
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Justice Brett Kavanaugh, however, appeared more sympathetic to the administration's stance, noting that Congress had provided the president with various tools to address emergencies.
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The case centers on two sets of tariffs introduced by President Trump earlier this year.
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Lower courts have previously ruled against the administration, stating that IEEPA does not authorize such sweeping actions.
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