仅事实
最高法院将审查总统征收关税的权限
摘要
最高法院将就特朗普总统关税的合法性进行辩论，重点关注《国际紧急经济权力法》下行政权力的范围。
最高法院定于周三听取关于唐纳德·特朗普总统关税合法性的辩论，该关税已受到企业和各州的挑战。核心问题是总统是否在《国际紧急经济权力法》（IEEPA）授权范围之外实施了这些关税。
特朗普总统援引1977年颁布的IEEPA法律为关税辩护，理由是基于持续的贸易逆差和阿片类药物危机所带来的国家安全担忧。历史上，IEEPA主要用于监管外国国家利益相关的财产进口，但该法并未明确提及关税或税收。政府方面认为，该法律的宽泛措辞涵盖了征收关税的权力。
反对者认为，应适用重大问题原则，要求对具有重大经济和政治影响的行为必须有明确的国会授权。他们指出近期最高法院阻止了缺乏明确国会批准的行政行为，如驱逐禁令和学生贷款减免计划。联邦巡回上诉法院支持这一观点，指出关税的经济影响远远超过此前适用重大问题原则的案件。
政府坚持认为，重大问题原则不适用于此情境，强调总统在外交事务和国家安全方面拥有广泛权限。上诉法院的异议意见指出，IEEPA旨在赋予总统灵活性以应对紧急情况，暗示该法律的宽泛措辞支持征收关税。
最高法院对此案的裁决将对总统在贸易政策中的权力范围以及重大问题原则在行政行为中的适用产生重大影响。
来源
AP News事实核查
使用外部来源和数据库核实文章的事实。
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The Supreme Court is scheduled to hear arguments on Wednesday regarding the legality of President Donald Trump's tariffs, which have been challenged by businesses and states.
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President Trump invoked IEEPA, a law enacted in 1977, to justify the tariffs, citing national security concerns stemming from sustained trade deficits and the opioid crisis.
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Historically, IEEPA has been used to regulate the importation of property in which foreign countries have an interest, but it does not explicitly mention tariffs or taxes.
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Challengers argue that the major questions doctrine applies, requiring clear congressional authorization for actions of significant economic and political impact.
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The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit supported this view, noting that the economic impact of the tariffs is substantially greater than previous cases where the major questions doctrine was applied.
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The administration maintains that the major questions doctrine does not apply in this context, emphasizing the president's broad authority in foreign affairs and national security.
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A dissenting opinion from the appellate court highlighted that IEEPA was intended to provide the president with flexibility to address emergencies, suggesting that the law's broad language supports the tariffs.
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