中国稀土出口管制升级 加剧与美国的贸易紧张局势
仅事实

中国稀土出口管制升级 加剧与美国的贸易紧张局势

摘要

中国扩大了对稀土元素的出口管制,加剧了与美国的贸易紧张局势,并影响了全球供应链。

中国扩大了对稀土元素的出口管制,此举加剧了与美国的贸易紧张局势,并在全球供应链中引发震动。商务部于2025年10月9日宣布,新限制将立即生效,目标不仅包括原材料,还涵盖对先进技术和国防工业至关重要的加工技术及组件。

新规要求对与稀土开采、冶炼、分离、金属冶炼、磁性材料制造及回收相关的技术出口申请许可证。值得注意的是,涉及先进半导体,特别是14纳米芯片或更先进技术的申请,将采取个案审批。商务部表示,这些措施对于“更好地维护国家安全和利益”以及防止“境外机构和个人”转移用于军事或敏感用途的关键物项至关重要。

对此,美国总统唐纳德·特朗普威胁将把对中国的关税恢复至三位数水平,针对北京的新管制措施,中国政府誓言将采取“相应措施”。这一升级动摇了市场,令全球产业感到不安,并重新激起了对今年早些时候针锋相对关税战的担忧。

受中国出口管制影响的稀土元素对多种国防技术至关重要,包括战斗机、潜艇、导弹、雷达系统和无人机。美国高度依赖中国加工的稀土,在这些限制下维护其国防工业基础面临重大挑战。

中国在稀土领域的主导地位显著,占全球约70%的稀土开采、90%的分离加工及93%的磁体制造,这赋予其在全球供应链中强大影响力。新的出口管制被视为巩固这一地位、对抗西方对华高科技出口限制的战略举措。

贸易紧张局势升级及中国对稀土出口的收紧,引发了对全球供应链稳定性的担忧,以及技术到国防等多个行业可能出现进一步中断的风险。

来源

CNN

事实核查

使用外部来源和数据库核实文章的事实。

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China has expanded its export controls on rare earth elements, a move that has intensified trade tensions with the United States and sent shockwaves through global supply chains.

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The Ministry of Commerce announced on October 9, 2025, that the new restrictions would take immediate effect, targeting not only raw materials but also processing technologies and components critical to advanced technology and defense industries.

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The new regulations require export licenses for technologies related to rare earth mining, smelting, separation, metal smelting, magnetic material manufacturing, and recycling.

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Notably, applications related to advanced semiconductors, specifically 14-nanometer chips or more advanced, will be approved on a case-by-case basis.

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The Ministry of Commerce stated that these measures are essential for 'better safeguarding national security and interests' and preventing the transfer of critical items for military or sensitive applications by 'overseas bodies and individuals.'

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In response, President Donald Trump threatened to restore tariffs on China to triple-digit levels due to Beijing's new controls, prompting the Chinese government to vow 'corresponding measures.'

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The rare earth elements affected by China's export controls are crucial for various defense technologies, including fighter jets, submarines, missiles, radar systems, and unmanned aerial vehicles.

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China's dominance in the rare earth sector, accounting for approximately 70% of rare earth mining, 90% of separation and processing, and 93% of magnet manufacturing, gives it significant leverage in global supply chains.

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