俄罗斯加大对乌克兰的无人机攻击力度,生产方式演变并呼吁更严厉制裁
仅事实

俄罗斯加大对乌克兰的无人机攻击力度,生产方式演变并呼吁更严厉制裁

Summary

俄罗斯加大了对乌克兰的无人机和导弹攻击,依赖国产和进口技术,乌克兰官员呼吁国际社会实施更严格的制裁以遏制莫斯科的能力。

近年来,俄罗斯加大了对乌克兰的导弹和无人机袭击力度,标志着自2022年2月冲突爆发以来最大规模的攻击之一。尽管国际制裁持续存在,俄罗斯仍不断部署大量无人机,引发外界对其武器来源和可持续性的担忧。

奥斯陆大学军事技术专家法比安·霍夫曼解释称,俄罗斯的无人机制造相对简单,通常由木材和轻质材料构成,主要的生产难点在于获取常规炸药。霍夫曼指出,尽管这些无人机的质量不及西方军事装备,但对于俄罗斯的目的来说“足够好”。

起初,俄罗斯从伊朗进口沙赫德无人机,随后签订许可生产协议,伊朗工程师协助在俄罗斯建立制造设施。随着时间推移,俄罗斯开发了自己的型号——格兰-2,并做出多项改进,包括增强夜间隐蔽性。霍夫曼表示:“尽管无人机最初来自伊朗,但现在俄罗斯已成为沙赫德无人机的专家。”

这些无人机的主要目的是压制乌克兰的防空系统,迫使其使用昂贵的拦截器来应对威胁。乌克兰总统弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基报告称,最近击落了数十架俄罗斯无人机,并表示乌克兰正在提升自身拦截无人机能力。他还呼吁实施更严厉的国际制裁,特别是针对俄罗斯石油收入的制裁。

美国对此的回应是加快自身无人机生产,国防部长皮特·赫格塞斯下令简化采购和部署流程。然而,霍夫曼警告称,仅依赖导弹防御是不够的,因为俄罗斯正以更快速度和更低成本扩展其进攻能力。

专家还指出,马来西亚和吉尔吉斯斯坦等第三国在向俄罗斯供应零部件方面发挥了作用,表明更广泛的制裁可能破坏这些供应链,但也可能对西方经济产生负面影响。霍夫曼评论道:“对俄罗斯的制裁在某种程度上也伤害了我们(西方)。但如果你开始制裁所有与俄罗斯做生意的国家,那对我们的伤害会更大。”

泽连斯基重申了加强制裁的呼吁,强调需要“针对石油的有力制裁”,他称石油是俄罗斯军事行动的重要资金来源。

事实核查

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Confirmed

Russia has escalated its missile and drone strikes against Ukraine in recent weeks, marking some of the largest attacks since the conflict began in February 2022.

Confirmed

Despite ongoing international sanctions, Russia continues to deploy large numbers of drones, prompting concerns about the origins and sustainability of its arsenal.

Confirmed

Initially, Russia imported Shahed drones from Iran and later established licensed production agreements, with Iranian engineers helping to set up manufacturing facilities in Russia.

Confirmed

Over time, Russia has developed its own version, the Geran-2, making several adaptations, including changes to make them harder to detect at night.

Confirmed

The primary aim of these drones is to overwhelm Ukrainian air defenses, which must use costly interceptors to counter the threat.

Confirmed

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy reported that dozens of Russian drones were shot down recently and said Ukraine is increasing its own interceptor drone capabilities.

Confirmed

He also called for tougher international sanctions, particularly targeting Russian oil revenues.

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Partly Confirmed

Experts have also highlighted the role of third countries, such as Malaysia and Kyrgyzstan, in supplying components to Russia, suggesting that broader sanctions could disrupt these supply chains but may also have negative effects on Western economies.

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