Late-night eating linked to higher risk of liver disease, study finds

A study published in Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology analyzed data from nearly 200,000 participants over a 16-year period and found that individuals who reported eating after dinner were 20% to 30% more likely to develop liver disease, including cirrhosis and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.

"Our metabolism follows a circadian rhythm, and eating late at night may interfere with normal metabolic processes," said Melissa Mroz-Planells, D.C.N., R.D.N., spokesperson for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. "Understanding how meal timing influences liver health could help identify another practical way to reduce long-term disease risk."

Andrew McHill, Ph.D., co-author of the study and circadian-rhythm expert, added, "Even though we can’t make clinical recommendations based on this analysis, the findings suggest it’s reasonable to refrain from eating before your normal bedtime or late at night when possible. A small shift in meal timing to lower the risk of liver disease may be especially beneficial considering as much as 30% of the U.S. population is estimated to be affected by liver disease."

The researchers noted that the association does not prove causation, as the data relied on self-reported eating habits and other factors such as sleep patterns and overall diet quality could also influence liver health. Both experts emphasized that occasional snacks are not inherently harmful, but recommended limiting food intake two to four hours before bedtime when feasible and focusing on balanced meals, regular physical activity, adequate sleep, and reduced alcohol and sugary-drink consumption to support overall metabolic health.