Study links higher intake of ultra-processed foods to increased chronic disease risk

A new analysis of data from almost 8.8 million adults across the Americas, Europe, Asia and Oceania found that consuming an extra 100 grams of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) each day was linked to a higher likelihood of several chronic conditions. The study, published in the journal Family Medicine and Community Health, reported a 14% increase in cardiovascular events, a 4% rise in cancer risk, a 3% increase in all-cause mortality and a 2% rise in metabolic syndrome or diabetes for each additional 100-gram portion.

UPFs are highly processed, packaged foods that often contain additives, such as sugary drinks, processed meats, snack foods and candy. Researchers said that people with the highest UPF consumption also showed greater incidence of digestive disorders, mental-health issues, obesity and cardiovascular disease compared with those who ate the least.

"Given that UPF-related chronic diseases often cluster as multimorbidity, reducing consumption of UPFs and replacing them with minimally processed alternatives may be relevant for chronic disease prevention and primary care management," the study authors wrote.

The lead author, cardiologist Xiao Liu, emphasized the potential public-health benefit of shifting diets toward whole, minimally processed foods. Registered dietitian Kelly Springer, who was not involved in the research, said the findings highlight the importance of adding protein and fiber to meals rather than eliminating foods entirely, suggesting options such as fruit with nut butter or meals centered on beans, poultry or fish with vegetables and whole grains.

Springer noted that the research is observational, relies on self-reported dietary data, and cannot prove causation, but it underscores a correlation between high UPF intake and poorer health outcomes.