North Carolina teen in critical condition after rare brain infection

A North Carolina teenager is in critical condition after being infected with Naegleria fowleri, an amoeba that can cause primary amebic meningoencephalitis, a brain infection that typically leads to death within days. State health officials have not released the patient's identity to protect privacy, and an investigation into the source of exposure is ongoing.

The Department of Health and Human Services said fewer than 10 people are infected with the amoeba each year in the United States, with a 97 percent fatality rate. Dr. Zack Moore, the state epidemiologist, said the infection is rare but serves as a reminder that the amoeba is present in the state and across the country, and that people can take steps to reduce risk while swimming in warm months.

The amoeba thrives in warm freshwater and infections usually occur after water is forced up the nose during activities such as diving or water-skiing. Health officials advise avoiding warm fresh water, keeping the head above water, or holding the nose when entering water to reduce exposure. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that most cases occur in the South and Mid-Atlantic regions.