欧盟推出针对俄罗斯石油和能源部门的新制裁措施
仅事实

欧盟推出针对俄罗斯石油和能源部门的新制裁措施

摘要

欧盟通过了一揽子针对俄罗斯的新制裁措施,包括对俄罗斯石油实施动态价格上限,并禁止某些能源和银行交易,旨在限制俄罗斯资助其在乌克兰军事行动的能力。

欧盟宣布了一系列针对俄罗斯的新制裁措施,推出了对俄罗斯石油的动态价格上限,并扩大了对该国能源、银行和军事部门的限制。这些措施旨在限制俄罗斯资助其在乌克兰持续军事行动的能力。

欧盟委员会主席乌尔苏拉·冯德莱恩表示,欧盟正在“打击俄罗斯战争机器的核心”,并强调欧盟将持续施压,直到实现停火。新制裁包括将俄罗斯石油价格上限设定为低于平均市场价15%,禁止通过北溪管道进行未来交易,以及禁止进口由俄罗斯原油制成并在第三国加工的成品石油产品。

此外,欧盟已将另外22家俄罗斯银行和100多艘与俄罗斯所谓“影子舰队”相关的非欧盟船只列入黑名单,该舰队在标准海事法规之外运营。包括中国、香港和土耳其的二十多家实体因向俄罗斯供应双用途技术而面临更严格的出口限制。

专家表示,这些制裁有效终结了恢复北溪管道的前景,北溪此前因水下爆炸受损。布鲁盖尔能源政策研究员本·麦克威廉斯指出,新禁令意味着未来解除限制需获得所有欧盟成员国一致同意。他还强调,禁止进口第三国用俄罗斯石油炼制的石油产品具有重要意义。

尽管采取了这些措施,执法仍面临挑战。彼得森国际经济研究所的雅各布·柯克加德指出,俄罗斯可能越来越依赖其影子舰队规避价格上限,使执法变得困难。他还质疑针对单一印度炼油厂的制裁效果,因许多印度设施加工俄罗斯石油出口欧洲,且追踪炼制产品来源具有挑战性。

欧盟目前关注美国可能采取的行动,美国立法者正在考虑追加制裁。立陶宛外交部长凯斯图蒂斯·布德里斯评论道:“欧盟已铺平道路,现在是完美风暴时刻——美国参议院将投票通过对俄罗斯实施严厉制裁法案,给俄罗斯经济及其战争助力者施加沉重负担。”

专家们认为,尽管制裁本身难以改变俄罗斯的军事战略,但这些措施可能随着时间推移削弱俄罗斯维持行动的经济能力。

来源

dw.com

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The European Union has announced a fresh set of sanctions against Russia, introducing a dynamic price cap on Russian oil and expanding restrictions on the country's energy, banking, and military sectors.

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EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen stated that the bloc is 'striking at the heart of Russia's war machine' and emphasized the EU's intention to maintain pressure until a ceasefire is reached.

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The new sanctions include a price cap on Russian oil set at 15% below the average market value, bans on future transactions via the Nord Stream pipelines, and an import ban on refined petroleum products made from Russian crude oil and processed in third countries.

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Additionally, the EU has blacklisted 22 more Russian banks and over a hundred non-EU shipping vessels linked to Russia's so-called shadow fleet, which operates outside standard maritime regulations.

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More than two dozen entities, including companies from China, Hong Kong, and Turkey, now face tighter export restrictions for supplying Russia with dual-use technologies.

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Experts say the sanctions effectively end prospects for reviving the Nord Stream pipelines, which were previously damaged by underwater explosions.

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Ben McWilliams, an energy policy fellow at Bruegel, noted that the new ban means any future decision to lift restrictions would require agreement from all EU member states.

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He also highlighted the significance of banning imports of petroleum products refined from Russian oil in third countries.

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