Analysis of U.S. and Israeli Military Actions in Iran and Their Implications

In July 2024, President Joe Biden met with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu at the White House. A decade prior, the U.S. was on the verge of finalizing an agreement to limit Iran's nuclear program. President Barack Obama emphasized the choice between diplomacy and potential conflict. The 2015 agreement was later unilaterally exited by the U.S. during President Donald Trump's term, leading to its dissolution. In June 2025, Israel conducted military operations targeting Iranian military installations and nuclear facilities. Iran responded with retaliatory strikes. The U.S. subsequently carried out airstrikes on Iranian nuclear sites. After 12 days, a ceasefire was established between Israel and Iran. Some analysts attribute the escalation to the U.S. withdrawal from the nuclear agreement and the subsequent lack of re-engagement. Upon assuming office in 2021, President Biden aimed to reverse several policies from the previous administration. While some policies were promptly addressed, re-entering the Iran nuclear deal was considered more complex. The administration suggested that Iran address its expanded nuclear activities as a precondition for U.S. re-entry, leading to prolonged negotiations. Delays in negotiations coincided with Iranian presidential elections, resulting in the election of a leader critical of the original nuclear agreement. Iran's nuclear program advanced during this period. By the end of Biden's term, discussions shifted from diplomatic solutions to potential military actions to impede Iran's nuclear progress. The recent conflict resulted in civilian casualties and infrastructure damage in both Israel and Iran. Observers note that diplomatic efforts, such as the 2015 agreement, had previously imposed restrictions and inspections on Iran's nuclear program. The recent military actions have raised concerns about the effectiveness of such strategies in limiting nuclear proliferation. The situation underscores the importance of diplomatic engagement in addressing nuclear non-proliferation and regional stability.