FactsLane: 最高法院审议总统对独立机构的权力

政治

2025年十二月08日

Summary

最高法院正在审理一宗案件，可能重新定义总统解除独立联邦机构官员职务的权力，有可能推翻长期以来的先例。

最高法院目前正在审议一宗挑战总统无故解除独立联邦机构官员职务权力的案件。此案聚焦于总统特朗普解除联邦贸易委员会（FTC）民主党任命官员丽贝卡·凯利·斯劳特（Rebecca Kelly Slaughter）职务的行为。斯劳特于三月被告知立即解除职务，白宫称她继续任职“与特朗普政府的优先事项不符”。

联邦贸易委员会成立于1914年，是一个两党机构，旨在保护美国经济免受不公平竞争的影响。根据法律，其委员只能因“效率低下、玩忽职守或渎职”被解除职务。斯劳特未收到任何此类指控，遂提起诉讼，质疑其被解职的合法性。下级法院判决支持她，命令恢复其职务。然而，特朗普政府提出上诉，最高法院发布紧急命令，允许其解除职务决定在全面审理前继续有效。

此案重新审视了1935年最高法院在《汉弗莱遗嘱执行人诉美国案》（Humphrey's Executor v. United States）中的判决，该判决认为总统不得无故解除如FTC此类机构的官员。现任政府辩称，该先例基于对FTC职能的误解，并主张该机构行使大量行政权力，应赋予总统无限制的解除权。

此案的结果可能对联邦机构的结构和独立性产生重大影响，或将改变行政部门与独立监管机构之间的权力平衡。

来源

NPR

首次报道于此

最高法院将审查总统对联邦贸易委员会委员罢免权

2025年九月22日 • NBC News

事实核查

使用外部来源和数据库核实文章的事实。

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Confirmed

The Supreme Court is currently deliberating on a case that challenges the president's authority to dismiss officials from independent federal agencies without cause.

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Confirmed

This case centers on the removal of Rebecca Kelly Slaughter, a Democratic appointee to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), by President Trump.

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Confirmed

Established in 1914, the FTC is a bipartisan agency designed to protect the American economy from unfair competition.

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Confirmed

This case revisits the 1935 Supreme Court decision in Humphrey's Executor v. United States, which held that the president could not remove officials from agencies like the FTC without cause.

最高法院审议总统对独立机构的权力

来源

首次报道于此

最高法院将审查总统对联邦贸易委员会委员罢免权

事实核查

The Supreme Court is currently deliberating on a case that challenges the president's authority to dismiss officials from independent federal agencies without cause.

This case centers on the removal of Rebecca Kelly Slaughter, a Democratic appointee to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), by President Trump.

Established in 1914, the FTC is a bipartisan agency designed to protect the American economy from unfair competition.

This case revisits the 1935 Supreme Court decision in Humphrey's Executor v. United States, which held that the president could not remove officials from agencies like the FTC without cause.

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来源

首次报道于此

最高法院将审查总统对联邦贸易委员会委员罢免权

事实核查

The Supreme Court is currently deliberating on a case that challenges the president's authority to dismiss officials from independent federal agencies without cause.

This case centers on the removal of Rebecca Kelly Slaughter, a Democratic appointee to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), by President Trump.

Established in 1914, the FTC is a bipartisan agency designed to protect the American economy from unfair competition.

This case revisits the 1935 Supreme Court decision in Humphrey's Executor v. United States, which held that the president could not remove officials from agencies like the FTC without cause.

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