New Edmontosaurus Fossils Reveal Detailed Skin and Hoof Structures

Paleontologists have reconstructed the fleshy appearance of Edmontosaurus annectens using two well-preserved specimens, uncovering features such as a neck crest, tail spikes, and hoof-like structures on hind feet.

The specimens, a juvenile and an adult, were excavated from a site in east-central Wyoming known as the 'mummy zone,' renowned for its exceptional fossil preservation. The juvenile specimen revealed a fleshy crest along the neck and trunk, transitioning into a row of spikes running down the tail. The adult specimen displayed similar features, with the addition of hoof-like structures encasing the tips of its three hind toes.

Professor Paul Sereno of the University of Chicago, lead author of the study, noted the significance of these findings, stating,

The research team utilized imaging techniques, including CT scans and 3D modeling, to reconstruct the complete profile of Edmontosaurus annectens. The study was published in the journal Science on October 23, 2025.