Bangladesh faces political unrest as ex-prime minister Sheikh Hasina plans return
Sheikh Hasina's announced intention to return from exile has sparked protests and a security crackdown, while the country grapples with a slowing economy and rising inflation.
Bangladesh is experiencing renewed political tension after former prime minister Sheikh Hasina announced plans to return from exile in India and surrender to authorities in December. The government rejected her request for a new passport and identity card, reiterating that it seeks her extradition under the bilateral treaty with India.
Supporters of Hasina's Awami League, whose activities have been banned and barred from the February 2026 general election, have staged street protests. Police responded with tear gas and rubber bullets, and clashes involving the banned student wing Bangladesh Chhatra League have been reported in several locations.
Home Minister Salahuddin Ahmed said officials are reviewing the legal basis of Hasina's passport application and emphasized that the extradition request remains pending. An Awami League candidate warned that violence could continue if the return does not proceed.
Human-rights monitoring by Ain o Salish Kendra recorded 401 incidents of political violence in 2025, resulting in 102 deaths, including 40 fatalities in clashes between rival BNP factions.
The political unrest coincides with a challenging economic outlook. The International Monetary Fund's World Economic Outlook projects Bangladesh's growth slowing to 3.2% in FY27 and 2.2% in FY28, with inflation expected to average 10.9% in FY27, the highest in 16 years.
Analysts note that the government must manage the potential fallout from Hasina's return, address allegations of political persecution, and confront an economy plagued by weak growth and persistent price pressures.