Canadian researchers urge ban on engineered stone countertops over silicosis risks

A study of 20 workers in Ontario who fabricated or installed engineered stone countertops found three early deaths, six referrals for lung transplants and chronic hypoxia in 35 percent of cases. The research, led by Dr. Susan Tarlo and colleagues at the University of Toronto and University Health Network, highlighted the lack of industry-wide surveillance and said the true burden of engineered stone-associated silicosis in Canada remains uncertain.

The investigators noted that 70 percent of the men had silicosis, and in 30 percent the disease progressed to massive fibrosis that severely impairs breathing. Dr. Tarlo explained that modern engineered stone contains about 90 percent silica, far higher than the 5-20 percent typical of historic mining dust, increasing the risk of severe lung damage.

"There’s a ton of workers who don’t realize how hazardous it is," said Victoria Arrandale of the University of Toronto’s Dalla Lana School of Public Health, referring to similar outbreaks reported in Europe, Australia and California.

Silicosis, a lung disease caused by inhaling fine silica particles, has prompted some jurisdictions, including Australia and California, to restrict or ban engineered stone. Ontario has issued safety alerts and funded education on wet-cutting methods, but researchers argue that prohibition would be more effective than current surveillance programs.

Legal actions have added pressure on manufacturers. In October, a California court awarded $67 million to an engineered stone fabricator who required double lung transplants. Caesarstone Ltd., a major producer, disclosed in its 2025 annual report that it faces lawsuits involving 618 injured persons worldwide and lacks insurance coverage for future silicosis claims.