FCC Approves Launch of Mirror Satellite Amid Astronomer Opposition
The U.S. FCC authorized Reflect Orbital to build and launch a prototype mirror satellite that could redirect sunlight to Earth, prompting criticism from astronomers and biologists who warn of potential scientific and ecological impacts.
The Federal Communications Commission gave the green light on July 9 for Reflect Orbital to construct and launch a prototype mirror satellite from low Earth orbit. The company says the 60-foot mirror on its planned Eärendil-1 satellite could reflect sunlight onto a nine-square-mile area for about five minutes, a level of illumination it compares to a full Moon. Reflect Orbital argues the technology could extend solar-panel operation into nighttime and provide emergency lighting, positioning it as a potential alternative to fossil fuels.
Astronomers have voiced strong objections, noting that large reflective objects in orbit could further degrade the night sky already affected by existing satellite constellations. Betty Kioko of the European Southern Observatory described the project as an "existential threat" to optical astronomy, while Robert Massey of the Royal Astronomical Society called it "catastrophic." Critics also question the satellite’s ability to reflect a meaningful portion of solar energy.
Biologists have raised additional concerns about possible disruptions to human and wildlife circadian rhythms, migratory patterns, and marine photosynthesis if artificial sunlight were introduced on a large scale. Despite the criticism, Reflect Orbital plans to launch the prototype later this year and aims to deploy up to 50,000 similar satellites by 2035, with an initial batch of 1,000 expected by the end of 2028.