EU Investigates X Over AI Chatbot Grok's Generation of Sexual Deepfakes

The European Commission has launched a formal investigation into X, formerly known as Twitter, concerning its AI chatbot Grok's role in generating non-consensual sexualized images. This inquiry aims to determine whether X has violated the Digital Services Act (DSA), which mandates platforms to mitigate risks associated with illegal and harmful content.

The Commission stated that the investigation will assess if X properly evaluated and mitigated risks related to Grok's functionalities, including the dissemination of manipulated sexually explicit images and content that may constitute child sexual abuse material. These risks have materialized, exposing EU citizens to serious harm.

Henna Virkkunen, the Commission's Executive Vice-President overseeing tech sovereignty, security, and democracy, commented:

"Non-consensual sexual deepfakes of women and children are a violent, unacceptable form of degradation. With this investigation, we will determine whether X has met its legal obligations under the DSA, or whether it treated rights of European citizens—including those of women and children—as collateral damage of its service."

In response, X reiterated its commitment to user safety, emphasizing a zero-tolerance policy for child sexual exploitation, non-consensual nudity, and unwanted sexual content. The company also indicated plans to restrict Grok's ability to create sexualized images of real people.

This investigation follows a December 2025 fine of €120 million imposed on X for breaching transparency obligations under the DSA. The Commission is also extending a separate 2023 investigation into X's compliance with the DSA's requirements.