Study Finds One-Third of Tested Infants Show No Reaction in Supervised Peanut Challenge
Australian researchers report that about 35% of infants with prior peanut reactions and positive allergy tests tolerated a medically supervised peanut challenge, while 65% reacted and 12% experienced anaphylaxis.
Australian researchers evaluated 1,275 infants under 18 months, including 778 who underwent a medically supervised oral peanut challenge. The children had previously reacted to peanuts and tested positive on standard allergy screens. During the challenge, doctors administered gradually increasing amounts of peanut while monitoring for symptoms.
The study found that roughly 35% of the infants did not react, suggesting that their presumed peanut allergy could be reconsidered. Conversely, 65% experienced a reaction, and 12% developed anaphylaxis, all of which were treated by the medical team.
Experts highlighted that skin and blood tests can indicate sensitivity but do not always predict an actual allergic reaction, underscoring the importance of supervised challenges rather than home testing. The research originated from Australia’s ADAPT Peanut Oral Immunotherapy Program, launched in 2024, and aims to identify children who can safely consume peanuts, potentially reducing unnecessary dietary restrictions for families.