EU and UK finalize deal to end Brexit checks on food and animal products
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The United Kingdom and the European Union have agreed to remove sanitary and phytosanitary checks on food and animal product trade, with implementation expected in the first quarter of 2028.
The European Union and the United Kingdom have concluded a sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) agreement that will eliminate post-Brexit checks on imports and exports of items such as sausages, cheese, leather goods and flowers. The deal is intended to help British food exporters, whose trade with the EU has fallen by about a third since 2019, and to allow smaller UK retailers to resume purchasing limited batches of cheese and wine that became uneconomical after the checks were introduced in 2022.
Implementation of the SPS deal is now projected for the first quarter of 2028, after a six-month delay caused by a change in the UK prime minister that postponed the second EU-UK summit to 20 November. The 200-page text, known as the “zero text,” has been settled and will be presented to EU ambassadors for discussion, alongside a joint statement to be issued by Andy Burnham and EU leaders.
"Exports of British food to the EU have collapsed by a third since Brexit, with eggs, chicken and potato products hardest hit," said the National Farmers’ Union.
The agreement also contains provisions on a youth experience scheme and an ongoing discussion about tuition fees for EU students, which the European Commission has agreed to negotiate separately for another six months.
The Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) had previously expected the deal to take effect in May of next year, but now advises industry that a six-month transition period for certain products, such as grains treated with fungicides not yet approved in the EU, will push full implementation to 2028. The delay reflects the UK’s need to align its food standards legislation with EU rules, a process that has raised debate over whether the UK acts as a “rule taker” or a “rule maker.”
Under the new framework, retailers in Northern Ireland will no longer be required to label products as “not for the EU,” a practice previously criticised by major supermarket chains.